Witches: From Historical Executions to Portrayals on Halloween

In Europe, from the 1300s to the end of the 1600s, certain people (mostly women . . . tens of thousands of them)* supposed to be witches were executed. It was believed that they had given their loyalty to the Devil in exchange for the power to harm others.

According to my research,* between 1692 and 1693, in colonial Massachusetts, more than 200 people in Salem Village were accused of practicing witchcraft, and 20 were hung on Gallows Hill. The first was Bridget Bishop who said, "I am as innocent as the child unborn." Five months later, then president of Harvard College, Increase Mather, would denounce the use of “spectral evidence”—testimony about dreams and visions—repeating what his father, Cotton Mather, a respected minister, had implored the court earlier not to allow. President Mather, in a memorable speech that itself was visionary, said, "It were better that ten suspected witches should escape than one innocent person be condemned." The colony eventually admitted that the trials were a mistake and compensated the families of those convicted.

The town of Salem is only twelve miles from my childhood hometown of Reading, so one year my class went to the Salem Witch Museum. I remember only that detail. Only after I had finished this writing did I go to the museum’s website,* where I felt a tightening in my chest reading the stark words defining the period—words of hysteria created by Salem’s ignorant citizens, of fear based on superstition, and of the immoral verdicts of Salem’s innocent.

Almost 200 years after the Salem trials, European immigrants to the United States brought All Hallows’ Eve, Halloween as it is known in the States, and with it, the witch costume. “With absolutely no scientific evidence, one could conjecture that at least one in four people has dressed up as the hooked-nose, broom-laden, cauldron-stirring, wart-faced caricature at least one time in his or her Halloween career.”*

I remember my Halloween night when I dressed as a witch. In my black outfit and pointed hat, with my sister and our dad, who made us wait until after dark, we followed the back and forth circle of the flashlight he swung, opening a safe path from home to home (and only in our neighborhood). Drawn by the doorbell, each homeowner opened the door, and acting surprised, tried to guess who we were. I stood at my tallest height—a witch clearly seen in the shine of the overhead porch light. “Trick or Treat,” we hollered, our child grins speaking even louder. Our eyes searched to see what would be put in our big, brown paper bags—a shiny red apple or one of the really good candy bars.

My realization is, ”History is continuously speaking of the opportunity it offers for us to listen through our veil of the present to what has been learned in the past.”

* http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/a-brief-history-of-the-salem-witch-
trials-175162489/


* Ibid.

* Salem Massachusetts. https://www.salemwitchmuseum.com/

* http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-witches-of-halloween-past-94494043/

My Summer Find, “Bemers!”

At fifty-four, I had fallen for a puppy—it was my first time ever. I found companionship with him in a new kind of love that hadn’t been a part of my life, and I raised him to the age of six. When it was my year to move to India, I found a good home where he would continue his life with a companion dog (who also needed a new friend, his owner said) and on land as broad and varied as he had known. I told him that I would always love him but that I would not return. I wanted his love to grow for a new mother.

Fourteen years later, during my summer visit in America, I arrived at my daughter’s home, and upon entering the room where I would sleep I saw a watercolor—“Bemers.” It was on the wall. Bemers’ devotion in his gaze, set amid watermelon fur around a pale golden nose shaped like a dog bone, drew me to him immediately. Each day I would take a few moments to look at him, feeling a growing friendship as with the first Bemers who had grabbed my heart. I loved his washed-blue eyes (the left one slightly crossed), the petal-pink mouth, and his freckled, pink nose between wiry whiskers. (They looked as if they were escaping.) The greeny-blue, water-like impression behind him lent calm to the scene. I imagine now that Bemers’ eyes had a message, “I’m watching you”—attentively conveyed in good humor to the boy in front of him, a paintbrush poised in his right hand.

I took a photo of Bemers before I left, so he will have his place among the new family photos that I will soon hang.

My realization is, “When your heart speaks to you, trust yourself and follow.”

From My Desk to My Pinjra*

My days of bhaji (vegetable) shopping are done. I made that decision following a daunting experience of buying vegetables, followed by several months of thinking that my effort was still a pleasure, then finally facing that I was seventy-four and needed to prioritize the use of my energy.

In my early years of residence, I had bought my vegetables by taking a Trust* bus to town, then walking into the bazaar. The cavernous, old brick building had sellers both outside and inside. I regularly went in through a turnstile in the front following the one time that I had gone in the back. I had thought that it would be quicker because it was closer. It was. But the narrow, pounded-dirt path was made even narrower by my being uncomfortably crowded by two cows, and the air was unpleasantly smelly from the stinging odor of public toilets, an odor that wrinkled my nose.

Once through the front turnstile, it was a lengthy walk (about thirty feet) to the seller that I liked. What I remember of the in-between space is that at first view, it looked like a low (two foot) wall about thirty feet long and fifteen feet that led across to a walkway from a second front entrance. I didn’t understand what purpose this area had until many years later, when one day I went in the other front entrance. On my walk to the center area where wide and open side entrances brought foot traffic into the building, I happened to glance to the right just to the place where a stone in that low wall had been moved, revealing storage space below—I had a glimpse of vegetables. Now I understood. Of course there needed to be a cool, dark storage area for more vegetables than were on display.

The building was unclean, remarked on only because I came from America where I regularly shopped in bright-light clean supermarkets—but also outdoor stands. The light was dim, every feature dwarfed by a distant pitched roof. However, I had been told that this was where to come. So, gradually growing accustomed to this new adventure, I shifted my focus. Each seller’s stand was well-manned and the sellers helpful. The shoppers gave it an air of vibrancy—and me an unforgettable experience. There were six medium-sized, sloping platforms where sellers on higher boards could view the crowded shoppers (it was always crowded no matter what time I went) as well as the width of their spread of vegetables. Those that I could identify were carrot, okra, pumpkin, cauliflower, beet, half-green tomatoes, string beans, sweet potato, cucumber, and bottle gourd. There was rarely an English speaker—only those of Marathi and Hindi so I could not question. Both sellers and shoppers (mainly ladies) were industrious but only the shoppers were gregarious; the sellers stayed fixed on sales. In a group clustered about a front edge created by horizontal, shallow bins of vegetables, I decided on my choices then kept my eyes on the seller until I was noticed. “Kiti paise?” (How much?) I asked, as my plastic bags were handed down.

Learning from a friend that he took a six-seater or larger rickshaw to town, I ventured off to try one. For five rupees, I could go whenever I wanted. I became comfortable squeezed in with both men and women, children sitting on laps, sleeping babies, and shuffling my feet around the shopping bags that increased or vanished as people got in or out. Often I climbed over the back panel for one of the four side-facing spaces. I was accepted and felt one with the villagers in their lifestyle, as they knew that I had a choice.

When after three years, I was able to buy land to build a home I purchased a car, a nine-year-old Maruti (that I still drive eight years later). With a few minor but scary accidents, I learned to drive in local traffic where there are few rules and drivers who obey none. It was harrowing. However, I rationalized that this was brain stimulation and followed my own basic precautions.

After living in my home for five years, I changed my routine and took a private rickshaw to town, and this continued until my regular driver retired. At that point, he told me of a local market only ten minutes away. On my first exploration, I found the correct lane where I could see sellers seated on the ground. Driving slowly, enveloped by shoppers, I stole one-second glances left and right looking for carrots and okra, the purpose of my trip. At the end of the lane where the market continued to the left, I turned and found that I was now in a driving-hell situation. Fearing hitting someone, I crept along, moving my eyes to see in front, in back, and on both sides. Daunted by not knowing how to get out of this, I finally pulled into an opening and just sat, unable to follow even the thought that I needed to get out and ask for help. Minutes went by. Finally in my side mirror, I noticed a man looking my way. Apparently he had figured out my situation. He came to my passenger window (I drive on the right), bent down and smiled across at me with the reassurance that I badly needed. Then with one hand he motioned me to begin backing up (and he may have kept the other resting on the car—at least it felt as if he was controlling the car). Judging that I was apprehensive, or lacked skill, he kept up his directions until I was safely in the road and facing in the right direction. During the several months that I returned, I parked on the main road and walked in. But that first afternoon I had proved my skill—handling a six-point turn.

For the past year I have had a bazaar shopper, a man who shops for the kitchens and other residents, buying more than food if needed. I write out my order at my kitchen desk and take a copy to add to other slips on a spindle in a small community building housing a kitchen and dining area. I pay the shopper in advance, usually a thousand rupees, which at the current rate is about sixteen USD. The next day my order is in my pinjra.

My realization is, “Independence is a valuable characteristic when appropriately adjusted for age and ability. It can, at times, be taken too far when, in fact, surrender to being helped is simply another kind of independence—that of wisdom.”

* personal storage space, with the /j/ pronounced as a /z/.

* The Avatar Meher Baba Perpetual Public Charitable Trust. www.ambppct.org